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| floor_area = Retail: 185,000 m2〔 Leisure: 16,258m2〔 Dining: 13,935m2〔 Total: 207,000m2〔 | parking = 〔 | floors = 4 | website = }} The Trafford Centre is a large indoor shopping centre and leisure complex in Dumplington, Greater Manchester, England. Situated in the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford, the centre is situated close to the Trafford Park industrial estate and lies approximately five miles west of Manchester city centre. The Trafford Centre opened in 1998 and is the second largest shopping centre in the United Kingdom by retail size.〔(【引用サイトリンク】 work=Capital Shopping Centres )〕 It was developed by the Peel Group and is currently owned by Intu Properties following a £1.65 billion sale in 2011 - the largest single property acquisition in British history. As of 2014, the centre has a market value of £1.9 billion. The site was owned by the Manchester Ship Canal Company until 1986, when the company was acquired by John Whittaker of Peel Holdings, who had planned to build an out-of-town shopping centre. The planning process was one of the longest and most expansive in the history of the United Kingdom; concerns surrounded the effect the shopping centre might have on retailers in the smaller towns and villages in the Greater Manchester conurbation and potential traffic problems caused by the centre's proximity to the M60 motorway. Ultimately the matter was decided by the House of Lords in 1996, which voted in favour of the development.〔House of Lords (1995) "Opinions of the Lords of Appeal for Judgment in the cause Bolton Metropolitan District Council and others (respondents) versus Secretary of State for the Environment and others (appellants)" 24 May, written by Lord Lloyd of Berwick.〕〔Trafford Centre (1997) "From de Trafford to the House of Lords" Trafford Centre Insight, Brochure.〕 Twelve years after the Trafford Centre was first conceptualised by the Peel Group, it opened on 10 September 1998. Construction took 27 months at a cost of £600 million - approximately £1 billion in 2014.〔 Two further extensions have since opened, Barton Square and the Great Hall in 2008 at a combined cost of over £100 million. Popularly known for its vivid and quirky rococo/late baroque architectural style - its architecture pays homage to the history of the area. The Orient food hall is themed as a steam ship, reflecting the centre's proximity to the Manchester Ship Canal. Ten per cent of the UK population lives within a 45-minute drive of the shopping centre which attracts more than 35 million visits annually. It has Europe's largest food court in ''The Orient'' and the UK's busiest cinema, attracting more than 28,500 visitors each week.〔 There are over 11,500 car parking spaces, and there are proposals to build a new Trafford Centre Metrolink station and a more speculative ferry system from the Manchester Ship Canal to the centre. ==History== Manchester City Council retained seats on the board of the Ship Canal Company until the mid-1980s. By then the arrangement had become "meaningless", as the majority of the company's shares were controlled by property developer, John Whittaker. Crucially the council were powerless and Peel held voting rights due to majority shareholding. In 1986 the council gave up all but one of its seats for a payment of £10 million and extricated itself from a possible conflict of interest, as Whittaker was proposing to develop the large out-of-town shopping centre on company land at Dumplington, which became the Trafford Centre. Manchester City Council opposed the development, believing it would impact negatively on the city centre economy, but accepted it was "obviously in the interests of the shareholders". The company paid £7 million in cash and £3 million was invested in a joint venture company, Ship Canal Developments, set up by Whittaker and the council to provide resources and development expertise for the regeneration of east Manchester. Peel Holdings submitted a planning application to Trafford Metropolitan Borough Council for a development on approximately 300 acres of land in 1986. The application was "called in" by the Secretary of State for the Environment and legal disputes ensued requiring two public enquiries before planning permission was granted. Issues involved congestion on the M60 orbital motorway, and some believed the development would have adverse consequences on shopping centres throughout Greater Manchester region and beyond.〔 Planning permission was granted in 1993 before being rejected by the Court of Appeal.〔 It was reinstated in 1995 when the House of Lords gave approval for the development.〔http://www.poptel.org.uk/trafford.park/7.HTM〕 Construction began in 1996 and the centre opened on 10 September 1998 becoming the UK's last "mega mall" which combined retail, dining and leisure facilities. On opening, the Trafford Centre was the largest shopping centre in the UK but lost the title to Bluewater in Kent in 1999.〔 However, due to numerous expansions since 2006, the Trafford Centre is now bigger than Bluewater. The Peel Group sold the centre to Capital Shopping Centres (CSC) in January 2011 for £1.6 billion and John Whittaker, chairman of Peel Group became deputy chairman of CSC. Peel owner John Whittaker later said the company could have sold the centre for over £2 billion if they had received cash but the £1.6 billion deal remained the largest property transaction in British history,〔 and the biggest European property deal of 2011. The Trafford Centre is valued at £1.7 billion by its owners, Capital Shopping Centres and has an annual income of £85.3 million, a £400 headline rent〔 and has an ABC1 visitor percentage of 71%. By comparison, the Metrocentre which is the second largest shopping centre in the United Kingdom (after the Trafford Centre) is valued at £864 million, an annual property income of £50.4m and an ABC1 visitor percentage of 57% of ABC1 customers.〔 The centre was re-branded as 'Intu Trafford Centre', in mid-February 2013 by parent group Capital Shopping Centres, at a cost of £7 million and all remaining centres owned by that company followed suit. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Trafford Centre」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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